溫剛
安科瑞(rui)電氣股份有(you)限公司 上海嘉定201801
摘要：作為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)的基礎動(dong)力裝置，交(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)也是可以(yi)促使新(xin)能(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)正常行駛(shi)的關鍵內(nei)容(rong)。與其(qi)他(ta)汽(qi)車(che)不同的是，新(xin)能(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)并不需(xu)(xu)要汽(qi)油維持其(qi)運行，只需(xu)(xu)要充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)就可以(yi)保證汽(qi)車(che)行駛(shi)的需(xu)(xu)求，可以(yi)降低汽(qi)油排(pai)放(fang)對環(huan)境的污(wu)染，近年來我國(guo)新(xin)能(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)的增長(chang)速度出現明顯的上(shang)(shang)升趨勢，但是其(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的發(fa)展(zhan)還比較緩慢。目前在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)系統(tong)設(she)計(ji)期(qi)間仍存在(zai)(zai)一些(xie)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，主要表現在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)設(she)施短缺、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)難等(deng)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，這些(xie)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的發(fa)生均會在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)程度上(shang)(shang)限制新(xin)能(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)的發(fa)展(zhan)，這就需(xu)(xu)要加強對電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)交(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)系統(tong)的相關設(she)計(ji)，旨在(zai)(zai)可以(yi)為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)的發(fa)展(zhan)奠(dian)定(ding)基礎。
0引言
在(zai)(zai)我(wo)國社會經濟(ji)不斷發展的(de)(de)背景(jing)(jing)下(xia)，人(ren)們對(dui)(dui)于(yu)生活環(huan)境以及(ji)生活質量(liang)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)都有(you)(you)所(suo)提升(sheng)，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車作(zuo)為人(ren)們出(chu)行(xing)的(de)(de)必要(yao)手段，目前已經呈現(xian)家家戶(hu)戶(hu)都有(you)(you)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)局面，但是隨著汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車數量(liang)的(de)(de)增加(jia)，對(dui)(dui)道路的(de)(de)影響以及(ji)對(dui)(dui)環(huan)境所(suo)帶來的(de)(de)污染問題也明顯加(jia)劇，為了(le)在(zai)(zai)滿足人(ren)們出(chu)行(xing)需求(qiu)的(de)(de)基礎上盡可能降(jiang)低對(dui)(dui)環(huan)境的(de)(de)污染，新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車應運(yun)而生。在(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車數量(liang)逐(zhu)漸增多的(de)(de)背景(jing)(jing)下(xia)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)充(chong)電樁的(de)(de)需求(qiu)量(liang)也越(yue)來越(yue)大(da)，與(yu)燃油車相比，新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車只需要(yao)通(tong)過充(chong)電的(de)(de)方(fang)式就可以運(yun)行(xing)，由(you)此可見，充(chong)電系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)好壞對(dui)(dui)新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)實際運(yun)行(xing)帶來的(de)(de)影響很大(da)。根據目前新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車在(zai)(zai)充(chong)電樁設(she)(she)計(ji)方(fang)面所(suo)具有(you)(you)的(de)(de)市(shi)場前景(jing)(jing)中分(fen)析(xi)，就可以提出(chu)一種科學(xue)且可靠的(de)(de)充(chong)電樁系(xi)統(tong)設(she)(she)計(ji)，旨在(zai)(zai)可以將充(chong)電難與(yu)充(chong)電設(she)(she)施(shi)短缺的(de)(de)問題有(you)(you)效解決。
1充(chong)電樁系統總體方案(an)設計
交(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)系(xi)統設(she)計(ji)的作用(yong)是及時(shi)(shi)(shi)為新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，只有(you)(you)(you)確保(bao)(bao)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)可以(yi)(yi)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)足夠的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，才可以(yi)(yi)保(bao)(bao)證車(che)(che)輛正(zheng)常運行，客(ke)(ke)戶也能(neng)夠便捷、輕松地(di)完成(cheng)(cheng)整個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流程(cheng)，而系(xi)統也具(ju)備(bei)完善的人機交(jiao)互—電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)接口和清(qing)晰(xi)的系(xi)統聲音顯(xian)示，而當前具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)也具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)多種(zhong)多樣的優勢，可以(yi)(yi)適應(ying)各(ge)種(zhong)客(ke)(ke)戶對新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的需要。當前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)交(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)系(xi)統在(zai)實(shi)際設(she)計(ji)期間(jian)，應(ying)加(jia)強對PLC可編程(cheng)控制(zhi)器與觸摸屏的相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)設(she)計(ji)，其(qi)中還包(bao)括對智能(neng)卡識讀(du)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)、模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)計(ji)量以(yi)(yi)及發(fa)票打印機的設(she)計(ji)，這些內容(rong)都是可以(yi)(yi)確保(bao)(bao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)可以(yi)(yi)順利運行的關(guan)(guan)鍵內容(rong)，整個框(kuang)圖如圖1所示。對于新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)行駛(shi)期間(jian)，如果(guo)出現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量過(guo)低就(jiu)需要及時(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，將汽車(che)(che)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)以(yi)(yi)滿(man)足其(qi)行駛(shi)要求，而對于新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而言，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)是較為重要的設(she)施，在(zai)實(shi)際應(ying)用(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)期間(jian)，通(tong)過(guo)觸摸讀(du)取畫(hua)面的方(fang)(fang)式(shi)能(neng)夠實(shi)現PLC與各(ge)功(gong)能(neng)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)之間(jian)的有(you)(you)(you)效連接，在(zai)連接下就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)建立一(yi)種(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)效的通(tong)訊系(xi)統，在(zai)系(xi)統內可以(yi)(yi)實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)計(ji)費的方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，實(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)顯(xian)示充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量以(yi)(yi)及充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費用(yong)等相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)內容(rong)，當完成(cheng)(cheng)整個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需求之后就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)借助(zhu)打印模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)對涉(she)及的數據進行打印，便于用(yong)戶查看相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)信(xin)息。
2電動(dong)汽車交流(liu)充電樁硬件(jian)系統設計(ji)
2.1核(he)心控(kong)制(zhi)模塊設計
本文設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)汽車交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)系(xi)統中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)系(xi)統主要是使(shi)用220V交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)民用電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)開展電(dian)(dian)力供應，可以(yi)將(jiang)(jiang)220交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民用電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)經過斷路(lu)器將(jiang)(jiang)其分(fen)為三(san)路(lu)，分(fen)為的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)路(lu)中一(yi)支路(lu)可以(yi)接(jie)(jie)避雷器，實(shi)現輸(shu)出(chu)接(jie)(jie)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)，而其中涉及(ji)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二支路(lu)在實(shi)際(ji)使(shi)用期(qi)間(jian)(jian)，其主要目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是可以(yi)將(jiang)(jiang)硬件(jian)系(xi)統中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)模(mo)塊有(you)效(xiao)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)，第三(san)支路(lu)設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)則是當主線接(jie)(jie)入(ru)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)智能電(dian)(dian)表后，就(jiu)可以(yi)實(shi)現充(chong)電(dian)(dian)前期(qi)準備工作，具體可以(yi)借助(zhu)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)接(jie)(jie)觸器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)輸(shu)出(chu)220VAC給充(chong)電(dian)(dian)槍(qiang)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)槍(qiang)就(jiu)可以(yi)具有(you)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)，以(yi)滿足新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)需求(qiu)。但是對于整(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計而言，其核心控(kong)(kong)制模(mo)塊中充(chong)電(dian)(dian)槍(qiang)與被充(chong)電(dian)(dian)汽車之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)具有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)性，要想確保其可以(yi)與相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外面(mian)設備互相(xiang)配合以(yi)完成連(lian)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要，就(jiu)應該保證主控(kong)(kong)板外面(mian)接(jie)(jie)口數(shu)量和數(shu)據處(chu)理(li)(li)速(su)度滿足要求(qiu)。本項目對于主控(kong)(kong)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制芯片(pian)主要進行(xing)相(xiang)關研究，可以(yi)在處(chu)理(li)(li)器過載(zai)特小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)滿足相(xiang)關要求(qiu)，支持外面(mian)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)速(su)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)，并(bing)在采集相(xiang)關參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上將(jiang)(jiang)涉及(ji)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)務(wu)有(you)效(xiao)處(chu)理(li)(li)，實(shi)際(ji)緩存期(qi)間(jian)(jian)高(gao)16KB，其工作頻(pin)率非常(chang)高(gao)，較高(gao)可達400MHz，由此(ci)能夠滿足多任(ren)務(wu)計算和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)棧主控(kong)(kong)板處(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)。
2.2電源(yuan)模塊(kuai)設計(ji)
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源是(shi)所(suo)有系(xi)統(tong)(tong)要(yao)想運行必不(bu)可少的(de)(de)(de)因素之一，也(ye)是(shi)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)內容，不(bu)論是(shi)相關的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)運行，還是(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)求(qiu)，都(dou)離不(bu)開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源模(mo)塊的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車交流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁系(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)計期(qi)(qi)間，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源模(mo)塊的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)作用就(jiu)是(shi)可以為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁提供(gong)相應的(de)(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供(gong)應。但是(shi)由(you)于(yu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中具有較多的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，而不(bu)同(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)也(ye)有所(suo)差異，要(yao)想確保(bao)整個(ge)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中各(ge)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)均可以正(zheng)常工(gong)作，就(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源模(mo)塊設(she)計期(qi)(qi)間為其提供(gong)多種(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，滿足不(bu)同(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)實際需(xu)要(yao)，各(ge)模(mo)塊器件(jian)正(zheng)常工(gong)作所(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流如表(biao)1所(suo)示。
2.3電量計(ji)量模塊設計(ji)
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁系統設計(ji)(ji)期間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)也是(shi)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)組成部位，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)作用(yong)就(jiu)是(shi)可(ke)以(yi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)消耗進行相(xiang)應(ying)測量(liang)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)設計(ji)(ji)期間應(ying)確保(bao)其可(ke)以(yi)滿足相(xiang)關(guan)要(yao)(yao)求，因為我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)發展歷程具有(you)漫(man)(man)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)特點，這個漫(man)(man)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)現形式(shi)就(jiu)是(shi)從以(yi)往初的(de)(de)(de)感應(ying)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，逐漸發展到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，當(dang)前(qian)我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)類型(xing)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)，其功能(neng)(neng)(neng)也會呈現越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)完善的(de)(de)(de)情況。一款集計(ji)(ji)量(liang)、計(ji)(ji)量(liang)、液晶(jing)顯示(shi)(shi)、脈(mo)搏指示(shi)(shi)、通訊于一體的(de)(de)(de)單相(xiang)緊湊型(xing)儀表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，其性能(neng)(neng)(neng)參數(shu)完全符合(he)國家(jia)標準(zhun)GB/T17215.321-2008，由于儀表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)采用(yong)高(gao)精度測量(liang)芯(xin)片和高(gao)速MCU數(shu)據處(chu)理(li)單元，在實際(ji)應(ying)用(yong)期間可(ke)準(zhun)確測量(liang)功率(lv)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參數(shu)，所具備穩定性高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)優勢，并(bing)具有(you)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)數(shu)據自(zi)動保(bao)存功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。此外，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)需要(yao)(yao)采用(yong)RS-485通訊方式(shi)，而主板采用(yong)TTL通訊方式(shi)，這就(jiu)需要(yao)(yao)將兩種不兼容的(de)(de)(de)模塊(kuai)進行配合(he)，旨在能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)實現主板與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)正常通訊功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。
2.4控(kong)制導引模塊設計
驅動電(dian)路(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)車(che)(che)載BMS系統(tong)也(ye)是充電(dian)樁設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵內(nei)(nei)容(rong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)此系統(tong)設(she)(she)計(ji)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通過CC和(he)(he)CP完成相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接需求(qiu)，并(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)連(lian)接期(qi)(qi)間(jian)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)效(xiao)確認充電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相關參(can)數(shu)，滿足實(shi)(shi)際(ji)充電(dian)需求(qiu)。當前國標中所規定PWM信(xin)號一般都(dou)是由(you)功率控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器件(jian)提供(gong)，該電(dian)路(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)運(yun)行(xing)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輸(shu)出(chu)雙極性PWM，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)運(yun)行(xing)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)實(shi)(shi)現+12V電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)滿足電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)對電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)使用(yong)需要(yao)。本研究所使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)設(she)(she)計(ji)主要(yao)配合HCNR200內(nei)(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)電(dian)信(xin)號實(shi)(shi)現相應(ying)轉(zhuan)換(huan)要(yao)求(qiu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)轉(zhuan)換(huan)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)也(ye)能夠實(shi)(shi)現被測電(dian)路(lu)(lu)與采樣電(dian)路(lu)(lu)之(zhi)間(jian)所具備的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能特點(dian)，其(qi)中包(bao)括(kuo)電(dian)氣隔離和(he)(he)線性測量(liang)所具備的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重(zhong)功能，能夠有(you)效(xiao)滿足電(dian)力供(gong)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)此期(qi)(qi)間(jian)，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)模塊也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)，先需要(yao)經過前級運(yun)放并(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)完成以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上操作之(zhi)后需要(yao)將感測點(dian)CP輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號進(jin)行(xing)轉(zhuan)換(huan)，具體應(ying)將其(qi)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為具有(you)輸(shu)出(chu)功能的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)信(xin)號。此外電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)交流(liu)充電(dian)樁系統(tong)設(she)(she)計(ji)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)R10、R12也(ye)具有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，具體可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)滿足限流(liu)和(he)(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)(nei)部LED發光(guang)強度的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)需要(yao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)傳(chuan)遞期(qi)(qi)間(jian)就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)將增(zeng)益K控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍內(nei)(nei)，其(qi)中涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)容(rong)Cl和(he)(he)C2是用(yong)來提高電(dian)路(lu)(lu)穩定性的(de)(de)(de)(de)反饋電(dian)容(rong)。
3電動汽車交流充電樁軟件系統設計
3.1移動控(kong)制端設計(ji)
在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我國(guo)社會(hui)(hui)不(bu)斷發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背景下，移動互(hu)聯網技術也出現(xian)了明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，現(xian)已(yi)經(jing)成為人們(men)生活中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)品，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生活與工作(zuo)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)，“微、小(xiao)(xiao)、輕”已(yi)經(jing)成為滿(man)足人們(men)生活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)此基(ji)礎(chu)上，微信(xin)小(xiao)(xiao)程(cheng)序應運而(er)生。微信(xin)小(xiao)(xiao)程(cheng)序在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)際運行(xing)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)并(bing)不(bu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)安(an)裝軟件，而(er)是可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通過搜(sou)索(suo)后(hou)就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)實(shi)現(xian)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，并(bing)沒(mei)不(bu)會(hui)(hui)占據手(shou)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)存空(kong)間(jian)(jian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)際應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)既可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通過掃碼接(jie)入(ru)與小(xiao)(xiao)程(cheng)序分(fen)享的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式進(jin)入(ru)，還(huan)(huan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)搜(sou)索(suo)公眾號后(hou)直接(jie)進(jin)入(ru)，無(wu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)安(an)裝和卸(xie)載。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)動汽車交流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)系(xi)統(tong)實(shi)際使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)，通過微信(xin)小(xiao)(xiao)程(cheng)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)便于用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)實(shi)現(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，具體是采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)C/S交互(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式對數據進(jin)行(xing)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)現(xian)數據傳(chuan)(chuan)輸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)MINA框(kuang)架對數據進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析(xi)，能夠完成數據信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關綁定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，還(huan)(huan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)掌握數據信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上實(shi)現(xian)同(tong)步響應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。借助微信(xin)小(xiao)(xiao)程(cheng)序進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)，就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)打開小(xiao)(xiao)程(cheng)序登(deng)錄身份驗證之(zhi)后(hou)，就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)預(yu)約(yue)(yue)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)，避免長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)等待充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況發(fa)(fa)(fa)生，但是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)際預(yu)約(yue)(yue)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)也需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意，每個(ge)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)只(zhi)能預(yu)約(yue)(yue)當(dang)前10小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)，不(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)超時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)預(yu)約(yue)(yue)，而(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)預(yu)約(yue)(yue)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)也只(zhi)是預(yu)約(yue)(yue)一個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，不(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)預(yu)約(yue)(yue)多臺充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)，當(dang)預(yu)約(yue)(yue)成功(gong)之(zhi)后(hou)該臺充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)預(yu)約(yue)(yue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)內(nei)就會(hui)(hui)出現(xian)鎖(suo)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，其(qi)(qi)他汽車無(wu)法實(shi)現(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)預(yu)約(yue)(yue)成功(gong)后(hou)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)就需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)預(yu)約(yue)(yue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)內(nei)到達充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)，并(bing)將預(yu)約(yue)(yue)成功(gong)之(zhi)后(hou)小(xiao)(xiao)程(cheng)序發(fa)(fa)(fa)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具有(you)保密功(gong)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8位充(chong)(chong)值碼輸入(ru)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)系(xi)統(tong)中，從而(er)實(shi)現(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，如果用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)預(yu)約(yue)(yue)后(hou)20min內(nei)沒(mei)有(you)完成充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，系(xi)統(tong)就會(hui)(hui)自動解綁該預(yu)約(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)，滿(man)足其(qi)(qi)他用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)建立(li)聯系(xi)，對于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際設(she)計而(er)言，一個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)既可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)實(shi)現(xian)獨立(li)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)確保其(qi)(qi)屬于某個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站。
4電動汽車交流充電樁系統設(she)計(ji)的(de)創新(xin)點
新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)(che)交(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)設計期間(jian)首(shou)先(xian)需要(yao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)地(di)搜集該方(fang)面(mian)有(you)(you)關文(wen)獻資料，積極掌握(wo)并(bing)(bing)利(li)用學術界研(yan)究(jiu)和實(shi)際(ji)應用中的(de)(de)有(you)(you)關成(cheng)果，并(bing)(bing)熟悉消費要(yao)求、環保(bao)標準(zhun)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)國際(ji)行業標準(zhun)和國家標準(zhun)，以及新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)(che)交(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁設施的(de)(de)外(wai)形構造(zao)等(deng)基本情況。本文(wen)綜合研(yan)究(jiu)并(bing)(bing)分(fen)析了各種類型充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)優勢(shi)，針對新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)(che)設計的(de)(de)交(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁控(kong)(kong)制器和所采用的(de)(de)交(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁控(kong)(kong)制器，確保(bao)其(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)有(you)(you)著較(jiao)突出的(de)(de)人性化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、集成(cheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、高智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)特(te)征，確保(bao)整(zheng)個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)可以更(geng)加完善。通過上(shang)述研(yan)究(jiu)內容，研(yan)究(jiu)人員可以在軟(ruan)硬(ying)件(jian)方(fang)面(mian)進一步優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和完善整(zheng)個體系(xi)(xi)(xi)，從而獲(huo)得較(jiao)佳的(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，其(qi)中涉及的(de)(de)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)理系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)同(tong)時具備人性化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、集成(cheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、高智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)一系(xi)(xi)(xi)列優勢(shi)，可以高效地(di)實(shi)現刷卡(ka)消費、人機交(jiao)互、信息、計算(suan)、設備自檢等(deng)安(an)全控(kong)(kong)制功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，該管(guan)(guan)理系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)擁有(you)(you)清晰干凈的(de)(de)觸(chu)摸(mo)屏接(jie)口，并(bing)(bing)且(qie)動作反應敏(min)捷，用戶能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)根據新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)具體充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)要(yao)求，選定自身需求的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)模式[7]。
5安(an)科(ke)瑞充電樁收費運營云平臺(tai)
5.1概述
AcrelCloud-9000安科(ke)瑞充(chong)(chong)電(dian)柱收費運營云平臺系統通過(guo)物聯網技術對接入(ru)系統的(de)電(dian)動(dong)電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)站以及各個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)整法行(xing)不間斷(duan)地數據(ju)采集和監(jian)控(kong)，實(shi)時監(jian)控(kong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)運行(xing)狀態(tai)，進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)服務、支(zhi)付(fu)管(guan)理(li)，交易(yi)結算(suan)，資(zi)要(yao)管(guan)理(li)、電(dian)能管(guan)理(li)，明細(xi)查詢(xun)等(deng)。同時對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)過(guo)溫(wen)保(bao)護、漏(lou)電(dian)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)輸入(ru)/輸出過(guo)壓，欠壓，絕緣低各類(lei)故障進(jin)行(xing)預(yu)警；充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)支(zhi)持(chi)以太網、4G或WIFI等(deng)方式接入(ru)互(hu)聯網，用戶通過(guo)微信、支(zhi)付(fu)寶，云閃付(fu)掃碼(ma)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。
5.2應用場(chang)所(suo)
適用(yong)于民(min)用(yong)建筑、一般工業(ye)建筑、居(ju)住小區(qu)、實業(ye)單位(wei)、商業(ye)綜合體、學校、園區(qu)等充電樁模式(shi)的充電基(ji)礎設施設計。
5.3系統結(jie)構
5.3.1系統分為四層(ceng)：
1）即數據采集層(ceng)(ceng)、網絡傳輸層(ceng)(ceng)、數據中心層(ceng)(ceng)和(he)客戶端層(ceng)(ceng)。
2）數(shu)據(ju)采集(ji)(ji)層(ceng)：包括電瓶車智能充電樁通訊協議為(wei)標準(zhun)modbus-rtu。電瓶車智能充電樁用于采集(ji)(ji)充電回路的電力參數(shu)，并進行電能計量(liang)和保(bao)護。
3）網絡傳(chuan)輸層：通(tong)過4G網絡將數(shu)據上傳(chuan)至搭(da)建好的數(shu)據庫(ku)服務器(qi)。
4）數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心層：包含應(ying)用服(fu)務(wu)(wu)器和數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)器，應(ying)用服(fu)務(wu)(wu)器部署(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)采集服(fu)務(wu)(wu)、WEB網(wang)站，數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)器部署(shu)(shu)實時數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)、歷史數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)、基礎數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)。
5）應客戶端層：系統(tong)管(guan)理員可(ke)在瀏覽器中訪問電瓶(ping)車充(chong)電樁收費(fei)平臺。終端充(chong)電用戶通過(guo)刷卡掃(sao)碼(ma)的方式(shi)啟動充(chong)電。
小區(qu)充(chong)(chong)電平臺功能(neng)主要涵蓋充(chong)(chong)電設(she)施智能(neng)化大屏、實時監控(kong)、交易管理、故障管理、統計分析、基礎數據(ju)管理等(deng)功能(neng)，同時為運維(wei)人員提供運維(wei)APP，充(chong)(chong)電用(yong)戶(hu)提供充(chong)(chong)電小程序。
5.4安科瑞充(chong)電樁云平臺系統功能
5.4.1智能化大屏
智能化大屏(ping)展示站(zhan)(zhan)點分布(bu)情況，對設備狀態、設備使用(yong)率、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)次數、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時長(chang)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)金額、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)度數、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)故障(zhang)等進(jin)行統(tong)計顯示，同時可查(cha)(cha)看每個站(zhan)(zhan)點的站(zhan)(zhan)點信息、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)列表(biao)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)記錄、收益(yi)、能耗、故障(zhang)記錄等。統(tong)一(yi)管理小區充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，查(cha)(cha)看設備使用(yong)率，合理分配資源。
5.4.2實時(shi)監(jian)控
實時監視充電設施運行狀況，主要包括充電樁運行狀態、回路狀態、充電過程中的充電電量、充電電壓/電流，充電樁告警信息等。
5.4.3交易管理
平臺管(guan)理人員可管(guan)理充電(dian)用(yong)戶(hu)賬戶(hu)，對其進行(xing)賬戶(hu)進行(xing)充值、退款、凍(dong)結、注銷等操作(zuo)，可查看小(xiao)區用(yong)戶(hu)每日(ri)的(de)充電(dian)交易(yi)詳細(xi)信息。
5.4.4故障管理
設備自動上報(bao)(bao)故(gu)障信(xin)息，平臺(tai)管理人員(yuan)可(ke)(ke)通過平臺(tai)查看故(gu)障信(xin)息并進行派發處理，同時運維人員(yuan)可(ke)(ke)通過運維APP收取故(gu)障推送，運維人員(yuan)在運維工作完成后(hou)將結(jie)果(guo)上報(bao)(bao)。充電用戶也可(ke)(ke)通過充電小程(cheng)序反饋現場問題。
5.4.5統計分(fen)析
通過系統平臺，從充(chong)電(dian)站點、充(chong)電(dian)設(she)施、、充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間、充(chong)電(dian)方式等(deng)不同角度，查(cha)詢充(chong)電(dian)交易統計信息(xi)、能耗統計信息(xi)等(deng)。
5.4.6基礎數據管理
在系統平臺建立運營商戶，運營商可建立和管理其運營所需站點和充電設施，維護充電設施信息、價格策略、折扣、優惠活動，同時可管理在線卡用戶充值、凍結和解綁。
5.4.7運維(wei)APP
面向運維(wei)人員使用(yong)，可(ke)以對站(zhan)點(dian)和充電(dian)樁(zhuang)進(jin)行管(guan)理(li)、能夠(gou)進(jin)行故障閉環處理(li)、查(cha)詢(xun)流量卡使用(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)、查(cha)詢(xun)充電(dian)充值情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，進(jin)行遠(yuan)程參(can)數(shu)設(she)置，同時可(ke)接收(shou)故障推送
5.4.8充電小(xiao)程序
面向充(chong)(chong)電用(yong)戶使(shi)用(yong)，可查(cha)看(kan)附(fu)近空閑設(she)備(bei)，主要包含掃碼充(chong)(chong)電、賬戶充(chong)(chong)值，充(chong)(chong)電卡綁定、交易查(cha)詢(xun)、故障申訴(su)等(deng)功(gong)能。
5.5系統硬件配置
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類型
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型(xing)號
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圖(tu)片
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功能
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安科(ke)瑞(rui)充電樁收費運營(ying)云(yun)平臺(tai)
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AcrelCloud-9000
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安科瑞響應國家節能(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)保、綠色出行的號(hao)召，為(wei)廣大用(yong)戶提供慢充(chong)(chong)和快充(chong)(chong)兩種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)壁(bi)掛式(shi)(shi)、落地(di)式(shi)(shi)等多種類型的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)，包含智能(neng)(neng)(neng)7kW交流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)，30kW壁(bi)掛式(shi)(shi)直流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)，智能(neng)(neng)(neng)60kW/120kW直流(liu)一體(ti)式(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)等來(lai)滿(man)足新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)(qi)車行業快速(su)、經濟、智能(neng)(neng)(neng)運營(ying)管理(li)的市場(chang)需求(qiu)，提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)軟件解決(jue)方案(an)，可以隨(sui)時隨(sui)地(di)享受便(bian)捷(jie)高效(xiao)安全(quan)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務，微信掃(sao)一掃(sao)、微信公眾(zhong)號(hao)、支(zhi)付寶(bao)掃(sao)一掃(sao)、支(zhi)付寶(bao)服務窗，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)多樣(yang)化，為(wei)車主用(yong)戶提供便(bian)捷(jie)、高效(xiao)、安全(quan)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務。實現對動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池快速(su)、高效(xiao)、安全(quan)、合理(li)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量補給，能(neng)(neng)(neng)計時，計電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度、計金(jin)額作(zuo)為(wei)市民購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終端，同時為(wei)提高公共充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的效(xiao)率和實用(yong)性。
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互聯網版(ban)智能(neng)交流樁
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AEV-AC007D
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額定功率7kW，單相三線制，防(fang)護等級IP65，具備防(fang)雷
保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、過載保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、短路保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、漏電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、智(zhi)能(neng)監測、智(zhi)能(neng)計量(liang)、遠程升級，支持刷卡、掃(sao)碼(ma)、即插(cha)即用。
通訊(xun)方(fang)：4G/wifi/藍(lan)牙(ya)支持刷卡，掃碼、免費充(chong)電可(ke)選(xuan)配顯示屏
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互聯(lian)網版(ban)智能(neng)直流樁
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AEV-DC030D
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額(e)定(ding)功(gong)率(lv)30kW，三相五線(xian)制(zhi)，防護(hu)等(deng)級IP54，具備(bei)防雷保(bao)護(hu)、過(guo)載(zai)保(bao)護(hu)、短路保(bao)護(hu)、漏(lou)電保(bao)護(hu)、智(zhi)(zhi)能監測(ce)、智(zhi)(zhi)能計量(liang)、恒流恒壓、電池保(bao)護(hu)、遠
程升級，支持刷卡、掃碼、即插即用
通訊方式：4G/以太網(wang)
支持刷(shua)卡，掃碼(ma)、免(mian)費充電
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互聯網(wang)版智能(neng)直流樁(zhuang)
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AEV-DC060S
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額定功率60kW，三(san)相(xiang)五(wu)線制，防護等級IP54，具備防雷保護、過載保護、短路保護、漏電(dian)(dian)保護、智(zhi)能監測、智(zhi)能計量、恒流恒壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)池保護、遠程升級，支持刷卡、掃碼、即(ji)插即(ji)用(yong)
通訊方式：4G/以(yi)太(tai)網
支持刷卡(ka)，掃碼、免費充電
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互聯網版智能直流樁
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AEV-DC120S
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額定功率120kW，三相五線制，防護等級IP54，具備防雷保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、過載保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、短路保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、漏電保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、智(zhi)能(neng)監測(ce)、智(zhi)能(neng)計量、恒流恒壓、電池保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、遠程升級，支(zhi)持刷卡、掃碼、即插(cha)即用
通訊方式：4G/以太網
支持(chi)刷卡(ka)，掃碼、免(mian)費充電(dian)
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10路電瓶車智能充電樁
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ACX10A系列
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10路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)承載(zai)電(dian)流(liu)25A，單路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)輸出電(dian)流(liu)3A，單回路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)功率(lv)(lv)1000W，總功率(lv)(lv)5500W。充(chong)滿(man)自停、斷(duan)電(dian)記憶、短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)保護、過載(zai)保護、空(kong)載(zai)保護、故障(zhang)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)識(shi)別、遠程升級、功率(lv)(lv)識(shi)別、獨立計量、告警上報。
ACX10A-TYHN：防護等級IP21，支持投幣、刷卡，掃碼、免(mian)費充電
ACX10A-TYN：防護等級IP21，支(zhi)持投幣、刷卡，免(mian)費充電
ACX10A-YHW：防護等級IP65，支(zhi)持刷(shua)卡，掃碼，免(mian)費充電
ACX10A-YHN：防護等級IP21，支持刷(shua)卡，掃碼，免(mian)費(fei)充電
ACX10A-YW：防護(hu)等級IP65，支持(chi)刷卡、免費充電
ACX10A-MW：防護等級IP65，僅支持免費充電
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2路(lu)智(zhi)能插座
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ACX2A系列(lie)
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2路(lu)(lu)承載電流20A，單路(lu)(lu)輸(shu)出電流10A，單回(hui)路(lu)(lu)功率2200W，總功率4400W。充滿自停、斷電記(ji)憶、短路(lu)(lu)保(bao)護、過(guo)載保(bao)護、空(kong)載保(bao)護、故障回(hui)路(lu)(lu)識別、遠程升級(ji)、功率識別，報(bao)警上報(bao)。
ACX2A-YHN：防護等級IP21，支持(chi)刷卡、掃碼充電
ACX2A-HN：防護(hu)等級(ji)IP21，支持掃碼充電
ACX2A-YN：防護等級(ji)IP21，支(zhi)持刷卡充(chong)電(dian)
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20路電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)車智(zhi)能充電(dian)(dian)樁
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ACX20A系列
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20路承(cheng)載(zai)電(dian)流(liu)50A，單路輸出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)3A，單回路功率(lv)1000W，總功率(lv)11kW。充(chong)滿自(zi)停(ting)、斷(duan)電(dian)記憶、短路保護、過載(zai)保護、空載(zai)保護、故(gu)障回路識別(bie)(bie)、遠程升級、功率(lv)識別(bie)(bie)，報警上報。
ACX20A-YHN：防護(hu)等級IP21，支(zhi)持刷(shua)卡，掃碼，免費充(chong)電
ACX20A-YN：防護等級IP21，支(zhi)持刷卡(ka)，免(mian)費充電(dian)
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落地(di)式電瓶車智能充電樁
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ACX10B系列
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10路(lu)承載(zai)電流(liu)25A，單路(lu)輸出電流(liu)3A，單回路(lu)功(gong)率(lv)1000W，總功(gong)率(lv)5500W。充滿自停(ting)、斷電記憶、短路(lu)保(bao)護、過載(zai)保(bao)護、空載(zai)保(bao)護、故障回路(lu)識別(bie)、遠程升(sheng)級(ji)、功(gong)率(lv)識別(bie)、獨立計(ji)量、告(gao)警上報。
ACX10B-YHW：戶(hu)外(wai)使用，落地(di)式安裝，包含(han)1臺主機及(ji)5根立柱，支持刷卡(ka)、掃碼充電,不帶廣告(gao)屏
ACX10B-YHW-LL：戶外使(shi)用，落地式安裝，包含1臺主(zhu)機及5根立(li)柱(zhu)，支持(chi)刷(shua)卡、掃碼充(chong)電。液晶屏支持(chi)U盤本地投放圖片及視頻廣(guang)告
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智能邊緣計算網關
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ANet-2E4SM
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4路(lu)RS485串口(kou)，光耦(ou)隔(ge)離，2路(lu)以太(tai)網(wang)接口(kou)，支(zhi)(zhi)持ModbusRtu、ModbusTCP、DL/T645-1997、DL/T645-2007、CJT188-2004、OPCUA、ModbusTCP（主(zhu)(zhu)、從(cong)(cong)）、104（主(zhu)(zhu)、從(cong)(cong)）、建筑(zhu)能耗、SNMP、MQTT；（主(zhu)(zhu)模(mo)塊(kuai)）輸入電源：DC12V～36V。支(zhi)(zhi)持4G擴展(zhan)模(mo)塊(kuai)，485擴展(zhan)模(mo)塊(kuai)。
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擴展(zhan)模塊ANet-485
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M485模(mo)塊(kuai)：4路光耦隔離(li)RS485
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擴展(zhan)模塊ANet-M4G
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M4G模塊：支持(chi)4G全網通
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導軌式單(dan)相電(dian)表
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ADL200
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單相電參量U、I、P、Q、S、PF、F測量，輸入電流：10（80）A；
電(dian)能(neng)精(jing)度：1級(ji)
支持Modbus和645協議(yi)
證書：MID/CE認證
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導軌式電(dian)能計量表(biao)
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ADL400
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三(san)相電(dian)參量U、I、P、Q、S、PF、F測量，分相總有功(gong)電(dian)能，總正(zheng)反向有功(gong)電(dian)能統計，總正(zheng)反向無(wu)功(gong)電(dian)能統計；紅外通訊；電(dian)流規格：經互感(gan)器接入(ru)3×1（6）A，直(zhi)接接入(ru)3×10（80）A，有功(gong)電(dian)能精度0.5S級，無(wu)功(gong)電(dian)能精度2級
證(zheng)書：MID/CE認證(zheng)
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無線計量儀表
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ADW300
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三相電參量(liang)(liang)U、I、P、Q、S、PF、F測量(liang)(liang)，有(you)功(gong)(gong)電能(neng)(neng)計量(liang)(liang)（正、反向）、四象限無(wu)功(gong)(gong)電能(neng)(neng)、總諧(xie)波(bo)含量(liang)(liang)、分次(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)含量(liang)(liang)（2～31次(ci)）；A、B、C、N四路測溫；1路剩(sheng)余電流測量(liang)(liang)；支(zhi)持RS485/LoRa/2G/4G/NB；LCD顯示；有(you)功(gong)(gong)電能(neng)(neng)精度：0.5S級
證(zheng)書(shu)：CPA/CE認證(zheng)
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導軌(gui)式(shi)直流(liu)電表(biao)
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DJSF1352-RN
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直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、功率(lv)測量(liang)，正(zheng)反向電(dian)(dian)能計(ji)量(liang)，復費率(lv)電(dian)(dian)能統(tong)計(ji)，SOE事件記(ji)錄:8位(wei)LCD顯示:紅外通訊:電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸(shu)入較大1000V，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)外接分流(liu)器接入(75mV)或霍爾元件接入(0-5V);電(dian)(dian)能精度1級，1路485通訊，1路直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)能計(ji)量(liang)AC/DC85-265V供電(dian)(dian)
證(zheng)書：MID/CE認證(zheng)
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面板直流(liu)電表(biao)
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PZ72L-DE
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直流(liu)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流(liu)、功率測量，正反向電(dian)能計量:紅外通訊(xun):電(dian)壓輸(shu)入較大1000V，電(dian)流(liu)外接分流(liu)器接入·(75mV)或霍爾元件接入(0-20mA0-5V);電(dian)能精度1級
證(zheng)書：CE認證(zheng)
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電氣防(fang)火(huo)限流式保護器(qi)
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ASCP200-63D
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導軌式安裝，可實現短路(lu)限(xian)流(liu)滅弧保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、過載限(xian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、內部(bu)超溫(wen)(wen)限(xian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、過欠壓保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、漏電監(jian)測、線纜溫(wen)(wen)度監(jian)測等功能;1路(lu)RS485通訊，1路(lu)NB或4G無線通訊(選(xuan)配);額定(ding)電流(liu)為0~63A，額定(ding)電流(liu)菜單可設。
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6結語
總(zong)之，在我國新能(neng)源汽車(che)數量的(de)逐漸增加(jia)，新能(neng)源汽車(che)的(de)車(che)主對于充(chong)電的(de)需(xu)求量也有所增加(jia)，為滿足電動汽車(che)的(de)充(chong)電需(xu)求，本文主要(yao)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)電動汽車(che)交(jiao)流充(chong)電樁系統的(de)相關設(she)計(ji)要(yao)點，在了(le)解(jie)當前充(chong)電樁實際情況的(de)基礎上(shang)，就可(ke)以(yi)開展相關的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，并在此期(qi)間(jian)(jian)，以(yi)相關設(she)計(ji)標準作為主要(yao)標準內(nei)容，在充(chong)電樁設(she)計(ji)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)既可(ke)以(yi)滿足用戶使用小程序預約充(chong)電樁充(chong)電的(de)需(xu)要(yao)，
也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)實現遠程(cheng)監控和對數據(ju)的(de)(de)統一管理，具有明顯的(de)(de)優勢(shi)，降低用(yong)戶等待充電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間。未來，隨著對充電(dian)樁(zhuang)研究(jiu)的(de)(de)逐漸深(shen)入，在(zai)新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)車交流(liu)充電(dian)樁(zhuang)系統設計期間還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)實時(shi)(shi)完成對充電(dian)狀態的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)數據(ju)進行采集(ji)，更好地滿足(zu)新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)車用(yong)戶的(de)(de)充電(dian)需求。
參考文獻
［1］田振(zhen)清，房凱(kai)龍.淺(qian)談(tan)電動汽車交(jiao)流充電樁系統設計策略.天(tian)津平高易(yi)電科技有限公司(si)，天(tian)津300300.
［2］現(xian)代建筑電氣,2021,12(12):50-55.
［3］張明慧(hui),周天睿,于靜(jing),等.電動汽車智能充電樁管理系統的設計與開發[J].現代計算機,2021,27(33):6-31.
［4］虞文惠,張璐.電(dian)動汽車交流充(chong)電(dian)樁充(chong)電(dian)連接控制時序測(ce)量(liang)能力驗證方案設計[J].低壓電(dian)器,2021,14(5):65-70.
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